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Zionist Organization in Poland

[Hebrew, Ha-histadrut Ha-tsiyonit Be-Polaniya] - A party founded in 1916 as a branch of the World Zionist Organization (WZO). Its aim was to establish a legally guaranteed homeland for the Jewish people in Palestine. In Poland, it proposed ethnic and cultural autonomy, and defended Jews' ethnic rights and economic interests. It conducted public awareness activities, strengthening Jewish national identity, collected funds for colonization and organized emigration to Palestine. Its members were popularly called "general Zionists".
The Organization had three offices: in the former Russian partition, Western Galicia and Silesia, and Eastern Galicia. It had three factions that differed in terms of their social programs and views of how the aims of Zionism should be achieved: Et Livnot [Hebrew, Time to Build], a moderate group having the most influence early on; Al Ha-mishmar [Hebrew, On Guard], with a leftist social program; and Zionist revisionists (New Zionist Organization), which was right-wing, radical and militarist.
In the 1930's, as the Jewish population became more radicalized, the popularity of these last two factions grew. The Organization had the most supporters in the former Kingdom of Poland and Galicia among the bourgeoisie, intelligentsia and petty bourgeoisie.
Among the party's most important members were I. Gr�nbaum, M. A. Hartglas, L. Reich, H. Rosmarin, E. Sommerstein and A. O. Thon. Much of the Zionist press in Poland was under its influence, including Haynt, He-chaluts and Nasz Przeglad [Polish, Our Review] in Warsaw; Togblat and Chwila [Polish, A While] in Lwow; and Nowy Dziennik [Polish, New Daily] in Krakow. See also Ichud.
(G.Z./CM)
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