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Lesko

[Yiddish, Lisk] - A city in the Podkarpackie (Sub-Carpathian) Voivodship, in the Bieszczady district; it was granted its town charter in 1457. Jews are first mentioned in 1542, and sources from 1563 indicate that there were approximately twenty Jewish families living here at that time. Jews were involved primarily in trade and crafts (often linking those two professions), and also in granting credit. Artisans included butchers, brewers, tailors, clothiers, glaziers and goldsmiths. In 1640, Jews owned 38 buildings in Lesko, The Community gradually grew, despite the fact that the town was visited several times by the plague, as well as affected by fire and the looting by the armies during the Northern War in 1709.
After 1772, the town became part of the Austrian partition. In 1880, almost 2,000 Jews lived here; by 1921, the number had grown to 2,400, or about 63% of the total population. Neither the town nor the Community had any particular economic or political significance. In Jewish folklore of Galicia, the town's Jews were synonymous with fools. In the Polish Kingdom, it was the Jews of Chelm who shared this rather unfair reputation. When the Second World War began, the town was part of the Soviet zone of occupation. After the Germans entered in June 1941, some of its Jews were sent to the death camp in Belzec, and some were taken to Zaslaw, where they were then killed. Lesko still has its wonderful eighteenth century synagogue, which today houses a museum, as well as a cemetery with historic gravestones, some of which date back to the mid-sixteenth century.
(H.W./CM)
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