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Chasidim of Warka

[Yiddish, Vurke Chasidim] - A Chasidic group founded by Israel Yitzhak Kalish (1779-1848); influenced by the tzaddik of Lelow, David Biedermann, Kalish became a proponent of Chasidism and studied under Yaakov Yitzhak Ha-Levi Horovitz of Lublin, and then under Symcha Bunem of Przysucha.
After Bunem's death, he settled in Przysucha in 1829 and became leader of some of the local Chasidim. He then moved his seat to Warka, near Warsaw, where his following grew. Among his pupils were Yaakov Arie Guterman (1792-1874), who later became tzaddik in Radzymin; Dov Ber of Biala Rawska; and Yechiel Danziger of Aleksandrow.
Together with the tzaddik Yitzhak Alter of Gora Kalwaria, he was involved in the struggle against the tsarist "Cantonist decrees" [regarding the conscription of Jewish boys into the army - Ed.], and those forbidding Jews in the Kingdom of Poland from wearing their traditional garb. His pupils later wrote down his teachings.

His oldest son, Yaakov David, founded a dynasty of tzaddikim in Mszczonow, and the youngest, Menachem Mendel (1819-68), took over his father's function in Warka. He was called the "silent tzaddik" because he treated the virtue of silence as a form of prayer. He taught that man has three qualities: "straight posture, silent weeping, and motionless dancing". He stressed the need to understand other people. He called this part of his teaching Ahavat Israel [Hebrew, "love of the Jewish people"].
His successors were Symcha Bunem (1851-1907), Menachem Mendel's son, who settled in Otwock, near Warsaw; and Symcha Bunem's son, Menachem Mendel of Marszynow (1860-1918), who during the First World War moved his seat to the capital.
(A.C., H.W./CM)
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